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A. XORwice
time limit per test
1 second
memory limit per test
256 megabytes
input
standard input
output
standard output

In order to celebrate Twice's 5th anniversary, Tzuyu and Sana decided to play a game.

Tzuyu gave Sana two integers a and b and a really important quest.

In order to complete the quest, Sana has to output the smallest possible value of (ax) + (bx) for any given x, where denotes the bitwise XOR operation.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1t104). Description of the test cases follows.

The only line of each test case contains two integers a and b (1a,b109).

Output

For each testcase, output the smallest possible value of the given expression.

Example
Input
6
6 12
4 9
59 832
28 14
4925 2912
1 1
Output
10
13
891
18
6237
0
Note

For the first test case Sana can choose x=4 and the value will be (64) + (124) = 2+8 = 10. It can be shown that this is the smallest possible value.