Hello guys, i have a question like this. Given an array has length n, n <= 10^7, a[i] <= 10^9. Number K <= 10^9. How i can count number of subarray has average sum equal to K. Thanks for your time.
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Observe that decreasing every element $$$k$$$ will also decrease the average by $$$k$$$. Thus, if every element in the array is decreased by $$$k$$$, then the answer is equal to the number of subarrays with an average (or equivalently sum) of $$$0$$$.
Consider the prefix sum array $$$p$$$ generated by this new array. It is clear that the subarray $$$[l, r]$$$ has a sum of $$$0$$$ iff $$$p[l-1] = p[r]$$$.
The problem is now reduced to: given an array, count the number of equal pairs. This can be trivially solved by iterating through the array using an unordered_map, and can be solved in $$$O(n)$$$ time.