You can check that it works for bitset size <= 32 and gets runtime error for anything bigger. That's because libstdc++'s bitset has a specialized case for size <= 32 when it uses a single long value to store all data and then it doesn't need to calculate offsets. All memory accesses use only those 4 bytes, so you don't get runtime error.

Of course accessing bitset at positions bigger than its size is undefined behavior, so it's hard to predict what this code is actually doing. You can be sure that it's not the correct solution and it got accepted because of weak tests.

A probable explanation is that all bitset accesses are performed modulo 32. Doing this explicitly gets AC (120690657), so these tests don't catch that.