A tree $$$T=(V, E)$$$ has $$$n$$$ vertices and $$$n-1$$$ edges, the weight of each vertex $$$i$$$ is $$$a_i$$$.

For each edge $$$e$$$, you can determine its direction, i.e., for two vertices $$$u, v$$$, there are two states: $$$u \rightarrow v$$$ and $$$v \rightarrow u$$$. There are $$$2^{n-1}$$$ states in total.

For each state $$$S$$$, we define $$$f(S)$$$ as

$$$f(S) := \sum\limits_{(u, v) \in V \times V, v is reachable from u} |a_u - a_v|$$$