Looking at the algorithm for the problem C in contest 316 I couldn't figure out how it works so I decided it could be a good idea to ask for an explanation here.

Let's assume an input of ".b..bz...."

After precomputation the array named 'ok' looks like this

[0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1] num = 7; group = 3

Now we start queries :

1st one is [1,h] :

We evaluate a = ok(1) ( True ) and b ( False )

thus (a != b) = ( True )

Then num-- => num = 6

How does decreasing the total length by one make sense here?

In general could someone give a good explanation for this implementation? I understand what must happen to solve the problem but my solutions end up being too long/convoluted.