#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

void solve() {
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    int sq = ceil(sqrt(n));
    if (sq * sq == n) {
        cout << 0 << ' ' << sq << "\n";
    } else {
        cout << "-1\n";
    }
}

int main() {
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while (t--) solve();
}

• Не решал
• Хорошая задача
• Средняя задача
• Плохая задача

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define int long long
#define pb emplace_back
#define mp make_pair
#define x first
#define y second
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define rall(a) a.rbegin(), a.rend()

typedef long double ld;
typedef long long ll;

using namespace std;

mt19937 rnd(time(nullptr));

const int inf = 1e9;
const int M = 1e9 + 7;
const ld pi = atan2(0, -1);
const ld eps = 1e-6;

void solve(int tc){
    int n, k;
    cin >> n >> k;
    string s;
    cin >> s;
    vector<int> cnt(2);
    for(char c: s){
        cnt[c - '0']++;
    }
    int mn = max(cnt[0], cnt[1]) - n / 2;
    int mx = cnt[0] / 2 + cnt[1] / 2;
    if(k >= mn && (k - mn) % 2 == 0 && k <= mx) cout << "YES";
    else cout << "NO";
}

bool multi = true;

signed main() {
    int t = 1;
    if (multi)cin >> t;
    for (int i = 1; i <= t; ++i) {
        solve(i);
        cout << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

• Не решал
• Хорошая задача
• Средняя задача
• Плохая задача

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

void solve(int tc){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    int last = -1, ans = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        int a;
        cin >> a;
        if(a - last > 1){
            ans++;
            last = a;
        }
    }
    cout << ans;
}

bool multi = true;

signed main() {
    int t = 1;
    if (multi)cin >> t;
    for (int i = 1; i <= t; ++i) {
        solve(i);
        cout << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

• Не решал
• Хорошая задача
• Средняя задача
• Плохая задача

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define int long long
#define pb emplace_back
#define mp make_pair
#define x first
#define y second
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define rall(a) a.rbegin(), a.rend()

typedef long double ld;
typedef long long ll;

using namespace std;

mt19937 rnd(time(nullptr));

const int inf = 1e9;
const int M = 1e9 + 7;
const ld pi = atan2(0, -1);
const ld eps = 1e-6;

struct min_max{
    int mx1, mx2, mn1, mn2;

    void fix_mx(){
        if(mx1 < mx2){
            swap(mx1, mx2);
        }
    }
    void fix_mn(){
        if(mn1 > mn2){
            swap(mn1, mn2);
        }
    }

    min_max(int a, int b){
        mx1 = mn1 = a;
        mx2 = mn2 = b;
        fix_mx();
        fix_mn();
    }

    void add(int x){
        mx2 = max(mx2, x);
        mn2 = min(mn2, x);
        fix_mx();
        fix_mn();
    }

    int get_seg(int x){
        pair<int, int> res = {mn1, mx1};
        if(x == mn1) res.x = mn2;
        if(x == mx1) res.y = mx2;
        return res.y - res.x + 1;
    }
};

void solve(int tc){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<pair<int, int>> coord(n);
    for(auto &e: coord){
        cin >> e.x >> e.y;
    }
    if(n <= 2){
        cout << n;
        return;
    }

    min_max xc(coord[0].x, coord[1].x), yc(coord[0].y, coord[1].y);
    for(int i = 2; i < n; ++i){
        xc.add(coord[i].x);
        yc.add(coord[i].y);
    }

    int ans = xc.get_seg(-1) * yc.get_seg(-1);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        int x = xc.get_seg(coord[i].x);
        int y = yc.get_seg(coord[i].y);
        if(x * y == n - 1){
            ans = min(ans, min((x + 1) * y, x * (y + 1)));
        }
        else{
            ans = min(ans, x * y);
        }
    }
    cout << ans;
}

bool multi = true;

signed main() {
    int t = 1;
    if (multi)cin >> t;
    for (int i = 1; i <= t; ++i) {
        solve(i);
        cout << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

• Не решал
• Хорошая задача
• Средняя задача
• Плохая задача

from math import inf
from sys import setrecursionlimit


def solve(v, p, mini, maxi):
    global res
    res[v] = max(arr[v], mini * -1 + arr[v])
    mini = min(arr[v], maxi * -1 + arr[v])
    for u in gr[v]:
        if u == p:
            continue
        solve(u, v, mini, res[v])


setrecursionlimit(400_000)
t = int(input())
for _ in range(t):
    n = int(input())
    arr = list(map(int, input().split()))
    gr = [[] for _ in range(n)]
    for j in range(n - 1):
        v, u = map(int, input().split())
        gr[v - 1].append(u - 1)
        gr[u - 1].append(v - 1)
    res = [0] * n
    solve(0, -1, 0, 0)
    print(*res)

• Не решал
• Хорошая задача
• Средняя задача
• Плохая задача

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
#define int long long
#define pb emplace_back
#define mp make_pair
#define x first
#define y second
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define rall(a) a.rbegin(), a.rend()
 
typedef long double ld;
typedef long long ll;
 
using namespace std;
 
mt19937 rnd(time(nullptr));
 
const int inf = 1e9;
const int M = 1e9 + 7;
const ld pi = atan2(0, -1);
const ld eps = 1e-6;

int gcd(int a, int b) {
    return b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b);
}

int get_ans(int x, int k){
    if(x == 1) return 0;
    vector<int> divs;
    for(int i = 1; i * i <= x; i++){
        if(x % i == 0){
            divs.push_back(i);
            divs.push_back(x / i);
        }
    }
    sort(all(divs));
    int n = divs.size();
    vector<int> dp(n, 100);
    dp[0] = 0;
    for(int i = 1; i < n; i++){
        for(int j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--){
            if(divs[i] / divs[j] > k){
                break;
            }
            if(divs[i] % divs[j] == 0) {
                dp[i] = min(dp[i], dp[j] + 1);
            }
        }
    }
    return dp[n - 1] == 100 ? -1 : dp[n - 1];
}

void solve(int tc){
    int x, y, k;
    cin >> x >> y >> k;
    int g = gcd(x, y);
    x /= g;
    y /= g;
    int ax = get_ans(x, k);
    int ay = get_ans(y, k);
    if(ax == -1 || ay == -1) cout << -1;
    else cout << ax + ay;
}

bool multi = true;

signed main() {
    int t = 1;
    if (multi) cin >> t;
    for (int i = 1; i <= t; ++i) {
        solve(i);
        cout << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

• Не решал
• Хорошая задача
• Средняя задача
• Плохая задача

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define int long long
#define pb emplace_back
#define mp make_pair
#define x first
#define y second
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define rall(a) a.rbegin(), a.rend()

typedef long double ld;
typedef long long ll;

using namespace std;

mt19937 rnd(time(nullptr));

const int inf = 1e9;
const int M = 1e9 + 7;
const ld pi = atan2(0, -1);
const ld eps = 1e-6;

int max_op(int a, int b) {
    int min_part = a;
    while (min_part % 2 == 0 && min_part / 2 != b) {
        min_part /= 2;
    }
    if (min_part % 2 == 1) {
        return a / min_part;
    }
    int true_min = min_part;
    while (true_min % 2 == 0) {
        true_min /= 2;
    }
    return 1 + (a - min_part) / true_min;
}

void solve(int tc){
    int n, k;
    cin >> n >> k;
    vector<int> a(n);
    for (int &e: a) cin >> e;
    vector<int> pre(n, 0);
    for (int j = 1; j < n; ++j) {
        pre[j] = pre[j - 1] + max_op(a[j - 1], a[j]);
    }
    vector<int> suf(n, 0);
    for (int j = n - 2; j >= 0; --j) {
        suf[j] = suf[j + 1] + max_op(a[j + 1], a[j]);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int res = max_op(a[i], 0) + pre[i] + suf[i];
        if (res >= k) {
            cout << "YES";
            return;
        }
    }
    cout << "NO";
}

bool multi = true;

signed main() {

    int t = 1;
    if (multi) cin >> t;
    for (int i = 1; i <= t; ++i) {
        solve(i);
        cout << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

• Не решал
• Хорошая задача
• Средняя задача
• Плохая задача

for _ in range(int(input())):
    a = int(input())
    if 102 <= a <= 109 or 1010 <= a <= 1099:
        print("YES")
    else:
        print("NO")

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void solve(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<int>a(n);
    for(auto &i : a) cin >> i;
    int left = a[0], right = a[0];
    for(int i = 1; i < n; i++){
        if(a[i] + 1 == left) left = a[i];
        else if(a[i] - 1 == right) right = a[i];
        else {
            cout << "NO\n";
            return;
        }
    }
    cout << "YES\n";
}
 
int main(){
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        solve();
    }
    return 0;
}

def solve():
    n = int(input())
    a = list(map(int, input().split()))
    m = int(input())
    for _ in range(m):
        m_1 = {}
        m_2 = {}
        s = input().strip()
        if len(s) != n:
            print("NO")
            continue
 
        ok = True
        for j in range(n):
            if s[j] not in m_1 and a[j] not in m_2:
                m_1[s[j]] = a[j]
                m_2[a[j]] = s[j]
            elif (s[j] in m_1 and m_1[s[j]] != a[j]) or (a[j] in m_2 and m_2[a[j]] != s[j]):
                ok = False
                break
        print("YES" if ok else "NO")
 
t = int(input())
for _ in range(t):
    solve()

def solve():
    n = int(input())
    a = [0]
    for x in input().split():
        x = int(x)
        a.append(a[-1] + x)
    s = input()
    ans = 0
    l = 0
    r = n - 1
    while r > l:
        while l < n and s[l] == 'R':
            l += 1
        while r >= 0 and s[r] == 'L':
            r -= 1
        if l < r:
            ans += a[r + 1] - a[l]
            l += 1
            r -= 1
    print(ans)
 
t = int(input())
for _ in range(t):
    solve()

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
#define int long long
 
using namespace std;
 
#define MAXW 200200
#define MAXNM 200200
 
int n, m, k, w, p;
int arr[MAXW], prr[MAXNM];
 
static inline int calcc(int i, int j) {
    int upr = min(i, n - k);
    int leftr = min(j, m - k);
    int upl = max(-1LL, i - k);
    int leftl = max(-1LL, j - k);
    return (upr - upl) * (leftr - leftl);
}
 
void build() {
    sort(arr, arr + w);
    reverse(arr, arr + w);
    p = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j)
            prr[p++] = calcc(i, j);
    sort(prr, prr + p);
    reverse(prr, prr + p);
}
 
int solve() {
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < w; ++i)
        sum += prr[i] * arr[i];
    return sum;
}
 
signed main() {
    int t; cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        cin >> n >> m >> k >> w;
        for (int i = 0; i < w; ++i)
            cin >> arr[i];
        build();
        cout << solve() << endl;
    }
}

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
 
using namespace std;
 
void solve() {
    int n, k;
    cin >> n >> k;
    vector<int> a(n), b(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        cin >> a[i] >> b[i];
    }
    vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(k + 1, 1e9));
    dp[0][0] = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        int x = a[i], y = b[i];
        int xy = x + y;
        int cost = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j <= xy; ++j) {
            for (int j1 = 0; j1 + j <= k; ++j1) {
                dp[i + 1][j1 + j] = min(dp[i + 1][j1 + j], dp[i][j1] + cost);
            }
            if (j < xy) {
                if (x >= y) {
                    x--, cost += y;
                } else {
                    y--, cost += x;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    cout << (dp[n][k] == 1e9 ? -1 : dp[n][k]) << '\n';
}
 
int main() {
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
        solve();
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
 
using namespace std;
 
void solve() {
    int n, m;
    cin >> n >> m;
    int t0, t1, t2;
    cin >> t0 >> t1 >> t2;
    vector<vector<vector<int>>> g(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
        int u, v, l1, l2;
        cin >> u >> v >> l1 >> l2;
        u--, v--;
        g[u].push_back({v, l1, l2});
        g[v].push_back({u, l1, l2});
    }
    set<pair<int, int>> prq;
    prq.insert({t0, n - 1});
    for (int i = 0; i + 1 < n; ++i) {
        prq.insert({-1e9, i});
    }
    vector<int> dist(n, -1e9);
    dist[n - 1] = t0;
    while (!prq.empty()) {
        auto p = *prq.rbegin();
        prq.erase(p);
        int d = p.first, u = p.second;
        for (auto e: g[u]) {
            int v = e[0], l1 = e[1], l2 = e[2];
            int d1 = (d - l1 >= t2 || d <= t1) ? d - l1 : d - l2;
            if(d1 == d - l2) d1 = max(d1, t1 - l1);
            if (dist[v] < d1) {
                prq.erase({dist[v], v});
                dist[v] = d1;
                prq.insert({d1, v});
            }
        }
    }
    cout << (dist[0] >= 0 ? dist[0] : -1) << '\n';
}
 
int main() {
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
        solve();
    }
    return 0;
}

#pragma GCC optimize("O3,unroll-loops")
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
#define endl '\n'
 
using namespace std;
 
typedef pair<int, int> ipair;
 
#define INF 1'000'000'009
#define MAXN 200200
#define MAXMEM 5'000'000
#define MAXLEN 2'000'100
 
#define X first
#define Y second
 
mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
 
struct node {
    node *lv = nullptr, *rv = nullptr;
    ipair key;
    int prior;
    int minl = INF;
    
    node(const ipair& key) : key(key), prior(rng()), minl(key.Y) {}
};
 
static inline int minl(node *v) {
    return (v == nullptr ? INF : v->minl);
}
 
static inline void upd(node *v) {
    v->minl = min(v->key.Y, min(minl(v->lv), minl(v->rv)));
}
 
node *merge(node *s1, node *s2) {
    if (s1 == nullptr) return s2;
    if (s2 == nullptr) return s1;
    if (s1->prior > s2->prior) {
        s1->rv = merge(s1->rv, s2);
        upd(s1);
        return s1;
    } else {
        s2->lv = merge(s1, s2->lv);
        upd(s2);
        return s2;
    }
}
 
pair<node*, node*> split(node* &v, ipair x) {
    if (v == nullptr) {
        return {nullptr, nullptr};
    }
    if (v->key < x) {
        auto [s1, s2] = split(v->rv, x);
        v->rv = s1;
        upd(v);
        return {v, s2};
    } else {
        auto [s1, s2] = split(v->lv, x);
        v->lv = s2;
        upd(v);
        return {s1, v};
    }
}
 
int n, m;
int arr[MAXN];
node *mem = (node*)calloc(MAXMEM, sizeof(*mem));
node *mpos = mem;
node *root;
set<int> M;
 
// [l..r)
void add_seg(int l, int r) {
    if (l >= r) return;
    ipair p {r - l, l};
    auto [s1, s2] = split(root, p);
    node *v = mpos++;
    *v = node(p);
    root = merge(merge(s1, v), s2);
}
 
void rem_dek(node* &v, const ipair& x) {
    if (v == nullptr) return;
    if (v->key == x) {
        v = merge(v->lv, v->rv);
        if (v) upd(v);
        return;
    }
    if (v->key < x) rem_dek(v->rv, x);
    else rem_dek(v->lv, x);
    upd(v);
}
 
// [l..r)
void rem_seg(int l, int r) {
    if (l >= r) return;
    ipair p {r - l, l};
    rem_dek(root, p);
}
 
void add_val(int x) {
    auto it = M.lower_bound(x);
    int clsl = (it == M.begin() ? 0 : *prev(it));
    int clsr = (it == M.end() ? INF : *it);
    rem_seg(clsl + 1, clsr);
    add_seg(clsl + 1, x);
    if (clsr != INF) add_seg(x + 1, clsr);
    M.insert(x);
}
 
void rem_val(int x) {
    auto it = M.lower_bound(x);
    int clsl = (it == M.begin() ? 0 : *prev(it));
    int clsr = (next(it) == M.end() ? INF : *next(it));
    rem_seg(clsl + 1, x);
    rem_seg(x + 1, clsr);
    if (clsr != INF) add_seg(clsl + 1, clsr);
    M.erase(x);
}
 
int query(int k) {
    if (M.empty()) return 1;
    auto [s1, s2] = split(root, make_pair(k, -1));
    fprintf(stderr, "AMOGUS: %p, %p\n", s1, s2);
    int ans = min(*M.rbegin() + 1, minl(s2));
    root = merge(s1, s2);
    return ans;
}
 
void init() {
    root = nullptr;
    mpos = mem;
    M = {arr, arr + n};
    add_seg(1, *M.begin());
    for (auto it = M.begin(); next(it) != M.end(); ++it)
        add_seg(*it + 1, *next(it));
}
 
signed main() {
    int t; cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        cin >> n;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            cin >> arr[i];
        init();
        cin >> m;
        for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
            char tp; cin >> tp;
            int x, k;
            switch (tp) {
            case '+':
                cin >> x;
                add_val(x);
                break;
            case '-':
                cin >> x;
                rem_val(x);
                break;
            case '?':
                cin >> k;
                cout << query(k) << " ";
                break;
            }
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
}

def solve():
    n, m = map(int, input().split())
    a = input()
    ans = 0
    for ch in range(ord('A'), ord('H')):
        ans += max(0, m - a.count(chr(ch)))
    print(ans)
    
    
for _ in range(int(input())):
    solve()

def solve():
    n, f, k = map(int, input().split())
    f -= 1
    k -= 1
    a = list(map(int, input().split()))
    x = a[f]
    a.sort(reverse=True)
    if a[k] > x:
        print("NO")
    elif a[k] < x:
        print("YES")
    else:
        print("YES" if k == n - 1 or a[k + 1] < x else "MAYBE")
 
t = int(input())
for _ in range(t):
    solve()

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
 
#define MAXN 200200
#define MAXM 200200
 
int n, m, k;
int arr[MAXN], brr[MAXN], drr[MAXM], buf[MAXN];
 
int cmp_i32(const void* pa, const void* pb) {
    return *(const int*)pa - *(const int*)pb;
}
 
void build() {
    k = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (arr[i] != brr[i])
            buf[k++] = brr[i];
    }
    qsort(buf, k, sizeof(*buf), cmp_i32);
}
 
bool check() {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        if (brr[i] == drr[m - 1])
            return true;
    return false;
}
 
bool solve() {
    if (!check()) return false;
    qsort(drr, m, sizeof(*drr), cmp_i32);
    int ib = 0, id = 0;
    while (ib < k && id < m) {
        if (buf[ib] == drr[id])
            ++ib, ++id;
        else if (buf[ib] < drr[id])
            return false;
        else ++id;
    }
    return ib == k;
}
 
int main() {
    int t; scanf("%d", &t);
    while (t--) {
        scanf("%d", &n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            scanf("%d", arr + i);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            scanf("%d", brr + i);
        scanf("%d", &m);
        for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j)
            scanf("%d", drr + j);
        build();
        if (solve()) printf("YES\n");
        else printf("NO\n");
    }
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
bool good(vector<int>&b){
    int g = __gcd(b[0], b[1]);
    for(int i = 1; i < int(b.size()) - 1; i++){
        int cur_gcd = __gcd(b[i], b[i + 1]);
        if(g > cur_gcd) return false;
        g = cur_gcd;
    }
    return true;
}
 
bool solve(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<int>a(n);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        cin >> a[i];
    }
 
    int g = -1;
    int to_del = -1;
    for(int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++){
        int cur_gcd = __gcd(a[i], a[i + 1]);
        if(cur_gcd < g){
            to_del = i;
            break;
        }
        g = cur_gcd;
    }
    if(to_del == -1) return true;
    vector<int>b0 = a, b1 = a, b2 = a;
    if(to_del > 0) b0.erase(b0.begin() + to_del - 1);
    b1.erase(b1.begin() + to_del);
    if(to_del < n - 1) b2.erase(b2.begin() + to_del + 1);
    return good(b0) || good(b1) || good(b2);
}
 
int main(){
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while(t--){
        cout << (solve() ? "YES" : "NO") << "\n";
    }
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <set>
 
using namespace std;
 
typedef long long ll;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<vi> vvi;
 
vi read_ints(int n) {
    vi res(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        cin >> res[i];
    }
    return res;
}
 
vvi read_matrix(int n, int m) {
    vvi res(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        res[i] = read_ints(m);
    }
    return res;
}
 
void solve() {
    int n, m;
    cin >> n >> m;
    vvi a = read_matrix(n, m), b = read_matrix(n, m);
    int nm = n * m;
    vi pos1i(nm), pos2i(nm), pos1j(nm), pos2j(nm);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
            int x = a[i][j] - 1;
            int y = b[i][j] - 1;
            pos1i[x] = pos2i[y] = i;
            pos1j[x] = pos2j[y] = j;
        }
    }
    vector<set<int>> pi(nm), pj(nm);
    for (int x = 0; x < nm; ++x) {
        int i1 = pos1i[x], i2 = pos2i[x];
        int j1 = pos1j[x], j2 = pos2j[x];
        pi[i1].insert(i2);
        pj[j1].insert(j2);
    }
    for (int x = 0; x < nm; ++x) {
        if (pi[x].size() > 1 || pj[x].size() > 1) {
            cout << "NO\n";
            return;
        }
    }
    cout << "YES\n";
}
 
int main() {
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    for (int _ = 0; _ < t; ++_) {
        solve();
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
#define int long long
#define pb emplace_back
#define mp make_pair
#define x first
#define y second
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define rall(a) a.rbegin(), a.rend()
 
typedef long double ld;
typedef long long ll;
 
using namespace std;
 
mt19937 rnd(time(nullptr));
 
const ll inf = 1e9 + 1;
const ll M = 998244353;
const ld pi = atan2(0, -1);
const ld eps = 1e-6;
 
bool cmp(pair<int, int> &a, pair<int, int> &b){
    if(a.x != b.x) return a.x > b.x;
    return a.y < b.y;
}
 
void solve(int tc){
    int n, m, k;
    cin >> n >> m >> k;
    vector<pair<int, int>> a(k);
    map<pair<int, int>, int> idx;
    for(int i = 0; i < k; ++i){
        cin >> a[i].x >> a[i].y;
        idx[a[i]] = i;
    }
    sort(all(a), cmp);
    vector<int> ans(k);
    int total = 0;
    int cur = m + 1;
    int last = n;
    for(auto e: a){
        if(cur > e.y) {
            ans[idx[e]] = 1;
            total += (cur - 1) * (last - e.x);
            cur = e.y;
            last = e.x;
        }
    }
    total += (cur - 1) * last;
    cout << total << "\n";
    for(int e: ans) cout << e << " ";
}
 
bool multi = true;
 
signed main() {
    int t = 1;
    if (multi)cin >> t;
    for (int i = 1; i <= t; ++i) {
        solve(i);
        cout << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
#define int long long
#define pb emplace_back
#define mp make_pair
#define x first
#define y second
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define rall(a) a.rbegin(), a.rend()
 
typedef long double ld;
typedef long long ll;
 
using namespace std;
 
mt19937 rnd(time(nullptr));
 
const ll inf = 1e9 + 1;
const ll M = 998244353;
const ld pi = atan2(0, -1);
const ld eps = 1e-6;
 
bool cmp(pair<int, int> &a, pair<int, int> &b){
    if(a.x != b.x) return a.x > b.x;
    return a.y < b.y;
}
 
void solve(int tc){
    int n, m, k;
    cin >> n >> m >> k;
    vector<pair<int, int>> a(k);
    map<pair<int, int>, int> idx;
    for(int i = 0; i < k; ++i){
        cin >> a[i].x >> a[i].y;
        idx[a[i]] = i;
    }
    idx[{0, 0}] = k++;
    a.emplace_back(0, 0);
    sort(all(a), cmp);
    vector<int> ans(k);
    vector<int> total(k + 1), cur(k + 1, m + 1), last(k + 1, n);
    for(int i = 1; i <= k; ++i){
        auto e = a[i - 1];
        total[i] = total[i - 1];
        cur[i] = cur[i - 1];
        last[i] = last[i - 1];
        if(cur[i] > e.y) {
            ans[idx[e]] = 1;
            total[i] += (cur[i] - 1) * (last[i] - e.x);
            cur[i] = e.y;
            last[i] = e.x;
        }
    }
    cout << total[k] << "\n";
    for(int i = 1; i <= k; ++i){
        auto e = a[i - 1];
        if(ans[idx[e]] == 0)continue;
        int tot = total[i - 1];
        int cr = cur[i - 1];
        int lst = last[i - 1];
        for(int j = i + 1; j <= k; ++j){
            auto ee = a[j - 1];
            if(cr > ee.y){
                tot += (cr - 1) * (lst - ee.x);
                cr = ee.y;
                lst = ee.x;
            }
            if(ans[idx[ee]] == 1){
                ans[idx[e]] = tot - total[j];
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    ans.pop_back();
    for(int e: ans) cout << e << " ";
}
 
bool multi = true;
 
signed main() {
    int t = 1;
    if (multi)cin >> t;
    for (int i = 1; i <= t; ++i) {
        solve(i);
        cout << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
struct trie {
    int l, c;
    vector<array<int, 2>> node;
    vector<int> cnt;
    trie(int l, int max_members) : l(l), c(0), node((l + 2) * max_members + 3), cnt((l + 2) * max_members + 3) {}
    void add(int x) {
        int cur = 0;
        for (int i = l; i >= 0; --i) {
            bool has_bit = (1 << i) & x;
            if (!node[cur][has_bit]) {
                node[cur][has_bit] = ++c;
            }
            cur = node[cur][has_bit];
            ++cnt[cur];
        }
    }
    void remove(int x) {
        int cur = 0;
        for (int i = l; i >= 0; --i) {
            bool has_bit = (1 << i) & x;
            if (!node[cur][has_bit]) {
                node[cur][has_bit] = ++c;
            }
            cur = node[cur][has_bit];
            --cnt[cur];
        }
    }
    int find_max(int x) {
        int cur = 0, ans = 0;
        for (int i = l; i >= 0; --i) {
            bool has_bit = (1 << i) & x;
            if (node[cur][!has_bit] && cnt[node[cur][!has_bit]]) {
                ans += 1 << i;
                cur = node[cur][!has_bit];
            }
            else {
                cur = node[cur][has_bit];
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};
 
const int N = 2e5 + 2;
int x[N];
bitset<N> dp;
vector<array<int, 2>> e[N];
 
void dfs(int c, int p) {
    for (auto [i, w] : e[c]) {
        if (i == p) {
            continue;
        }
        dp[i] = !dp[c];
        x[i] = x[c] ^ w;
        dfs(i, c);
    }
}
 
void solve() {
    int n, m, gx = 0;
    cin >> n >> m;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
        e[i].clear();
    }
    for (int i = 1, u, v, w; i < n; ++i) {
        cin >> u >> v >> w;
        e[u].push_back({v, w});
        e[v].push_back({u, w});
    }
    dfs(1, 0);
    vector<trie> t(2, trie(30, n));
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
        t[dp[i]].add(x[i]);
    }
    while (m--) {
        char c;
        cin >> c;
        if (c == '^') {
            int y;
            cin >> y;
            gx ^= y;
        }
        else {
            int a, b;
            cin >> a >> b;
            t[dp[a]].remove(x[a]);
            int same_group = t[dp[a]].find_max(x[a] ^ b);
            int diff_group = t[1 - dp[a]].find_max(x[a] ^ b ^ gx);
            t[dp[a]].add(x[a]);
            cout << max(same_group, diff_group) << "\n";
        }
    }
}
 
int main() {
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0);
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        solve();
    }
    return 0;
}

nt = int(input())
 
for t in range(nt):
    line = input()
    x, y = [int(q) for q in line.split()]
    mm = (y + 1) // 2
    x -= (mm * 5 * 3 - y * 2 * 2)
    x = max(x, 0)
    mm += (x + 5 * 3 - 1) // (5 * 3)
    print(mm)

def solve():
    n = int(input())
    b = input()
    cnt = [0] * 26
    for c in b:
        cnt[ord(c) - ord('a')] = 1
    tmp = ''
    for i in range(26):
        if cnt[i] > 0:
            tmp += chr(ord('a') + i)
    a = ''
    for c in b:
        a += tmp[-1 - tmp.find(c)]
    print(a)
    
 
for _ in range(int(input())):
    solve()

def solve():
    n = int(input())
    a = [int(x) for x in input().split()]
    cnt = dict()
    ans = 0
    for i in range(n - 2):
        triplet = (a[i], a[i + 1], a[i + 2])
        mist = [0] * 3
        mist[0] = (0, a[i + 1], a[i + 2])
        mist[1] = (a[i], 0, a[i + 2])
        mist[2] = (a[i], a[i + 1], 0)
        for trip in mist:
            ans += cnt.get(trip, 0) - cnt.get(triplet, 0)
            cnt[trip] = cnt.get(trip, 0) + 1
        cnt[triplet] = cnt.get(triplet, 0) + 1
    print(ans)
    
    
for i in range(int(input())):
    solve()

inv = {'N':'S', 'S': 'N',
    'E': 'W', 'W': 'E'}

def solve():
    n = int(input())
    s = input()
    x, y = 0, 0
    for c in s:
        if c == 'N':
            y += 1
        if c == 'S':
            y -= 1
        if c == 'E':
            x += 1
        if c == 'W':
            x -= 1
    if x % 2 == 1 or y % 2 == 1:
        print('NO')
        return
    ans = ['R'] * n
    if x == y == 0:
        if n == 2:
            print('NO')
            return
        ans[0] = ans[s.find(inv[s[0]])] = 'H'
    else:
        for i in range(n):
            if s[i] == 'N' and y > 0:
                y -= 2
                ans[i] = 'H'
            if s[i] == 'S' and y < 0:
                y += 2
                ans[i] = 'H'
            if s[i] == 'E' and x > 0:
                x -= 2
                ans[i] = 'H'
            if s[i] == 'W' and x < 0:
                x += 2
                ans[i] = 'H'
    print(*ans, sep='')
    
    
for _ in range(int(input())):
    solve()

T = int(input())
big = float('inf')
for _ in range(T):
    m, x = map(int, input().split())
    c = []
    h = []
    for i in range(m):
        ci, hi = map(int, input().split())
        c.append(ci)
        h.append(hi)
    mh = sum(h)
    dp = [0] + [big] * mh
    for i in range(m):
        for j in range(mh, h[i]-1, -1):
            if dp[j-h[i]] + c[i] <= i*x:
                dp[j] = min(dp[j], dp[j-h[i]]+c[i])
    for i in range(mh, -1, -1):
        if dp[i] != big:
            print(i)
            break

def solve(tc):
    a, b, n, m = map(int, input().split())
    ver, hor = [], []
    for i in range(n):
        x, y = map(int, input().split())
        ver.append((x, y))
        hor.append((y, x))
    deleted = set()
    hor.sort()
    ver.sort()
    ans = [0, 0]
    u, d = 1, a
    l, r = 1, b
    hl, hr = 0, n - 1
    vl, vr = 0, n - 1
    for i in range(m):
        c, k = input().split()
        k = int(k)
        if c == 'U':
            u += k
            while vl <= vr and ver[vl][0] < u:
                if ver[vl] not in deleted:
                    ans[i % 2] += 1
                    deleted.add(ver[vl])
                vl += 1
        if c == 'D':
            d -= k
            while vl <= vr and ver[vr][0] > d:
                if ver[vr] not in deleted:
                    ans[i % 2] += 1
                    deleted.add(ver[vr])
                vr -= 1
        if c == 'L':
            l += k
            while hl <= hr and hor[hl][0] < l:
                if (hor[hl][1], hor[hl][0]) not in deleted:
                    ans[i % 2] += 1
                    deleted.add((hor[hl][1], hor[hl][0]))
                hl += 1
        if c == 'R':
            r -= k
            while hl <= hr and hor[hr][0] > r:
                if (hor[hr][1], hor[hr][0]) not in deleted:
                    ans[i % 2] += 1
                    deleted.add((hor[hr][1], hor[hr][0]))
                hr -= 1
    print(ans[0], ans[1])


t = int(input())
for i in range(1, t + 1):
    solve(i)

from heapq import *
for _ in range(int(input())):
    m, x = map(int, input().split())
    c = [int(x) for x in input().split()]
    budget = 0
    Q = []
    for i in c:
        if budget >= i:
            heappush(Q, -i)
            budget -= i
        elif Q and -Q[0] > i:
            budget += -heappop(Q)-i
            heappush(Q, -i)
        budget += x
    print(len(Q))

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
using namespace std;
 
signed main() {
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    cout.tie(nullptr);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
 
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    for(int _ = 0; _ < t; ++_){
        int n, ans = 0;
        cin >> n;
        string s;
        cin >> s;
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
            ans += (s[i] == '@');
            if (s[i] == '*' && s[i - 1] == '*')
                break;
        }
        cout << ans << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

def solve():
    n = int(input())
    a = [int(x) for x in input().split()]
    cur = 0
    for e in a:
        cur += e - cur % e
    print(cur)
 
 
for _ in range(1, int(input()) + 1):
    solve()

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
using namespace std;
 
#define forn(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < int(n); i++)
 
int main() {
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    forn(tt, t) {
        int n, m;
        cin >> n >> m;
        vector<int> a(n);
        forn(i, n)
            cin >> a[i];
        string s;
        cin >> s;
 
        int l = 0;
        int r = n - 1;
        forn(i, n - 1)
            if (s[i] == 'L')
                l++;
            else
                r--;
        assert(l == r);
 
        vector<int> b(n);
        b[n - 1] = a[l] % m;
 
        for (int i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
            if (s[i] == 'L')
                b[i] = (b[i + 1] * a[--l]) % m;
            else
                b[i] = (b[i + 1] * a[++r]) % m;
        }
        assert(l == 0);
        assert(r == n - 1);
 
        forn(i, n)
            cout << b[i] << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
#define long long long int
#define DEBUG
using namespace std;
 
// @author: pashka
 
int main() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    for (int tt = 0; tt < t; tt++) {
        int n;
        cin >> n;
    
        string suites = "CDHS";
    
        string ts;
        cin >> ts;
        int trump = suites.find(ts[0]);
    
        vector<int> bs[4];
        for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {
            string s;
            cin >> s;
            bs[suites.find(s[1])].push_back(s[0] - '2');
        }
    
        vector<string> res;
        vector<string> left;
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            sort(bs[i].begin(), bs[i].end());
            if (i == trump) continue;
            if (bs[i].size() % 2 == 1) {
                int x = bs[i].back();
                left.push_back(string() + char('2' + x) + suites[i]);
                bs[i].pop_back();
            }
            for (int j = 0; j < (int) bs[i].size(); j++) {
                int x = bs[i][j];
                res.push_back(string() + char('2' + x) + suites[i]);
            }
        }
        if (left.size() > bs[trump].size()) {
            cout << "IMPOSSIBLE\n";
        } else {
            for (string s : left) {
                res.push_back(s);
                int x = bs[trump].back();
                bs[trump].pop_back();
                res.push_back(string() + char('2' + x) + suites[trump]);
            }
            for (int j = 0; j < (int) bs[trump].size(); j++) {
                int x = bs[trump][j];
                res.push_back(string() + char('2' + x) + suites[trump]);
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i += 2) {
                cout << res[i] << " " << res[i + 1] << "\n";
            }
        }
    }
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define long long long int
#define DEBUG
using namespace std;
 
// @author: pashka
 
int main() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        int n;
        cin >> n;
        string s;
        cin >> s;
        reverse(s.begin(), s.end());
        vector<int> a(n + 1);
        for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            a[i] = a[i + 1] + (s[i] - '0');
        }
        string res;
        int c = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            c += a[i];
            res += (char)(c % 10 + '0');
            c /= 10;
        }
        res += (char)(c + '0');
        while (res.back() == '0') {
            res.pop_back();
        }
        reverse(res.begin(), res.end());
        cout << res << "\n";
    }
 
    return 0;
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
//#define int long long
#define pb emplace_back
#define mp make_pair
#define x first
#define y second
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define rall(a) a.rbegin(), a.rend()
 
typedef long double ld;
typedef long long ll;
 
using namespace std;
 
mt19937 rnd(time(nullptr));
 
const ll inf = 1e18;
const ll M = 998244353;
const ld pi = atan2(0, -1);
const ld eps = 1e-6;
 
void solve(int tc){
    int n, m;
    cin >> n >> m;
    vector<pair<int, int>> a(m);
    vector<int> op(n + 1);
    vector<vector<int>> del(n + 1);
    for(auto &e: a) {
        cin >> e.x >> e.y;
        op[e.x]++;
        del[e.y].emplace_back(e.x);
    }
    multiset<int> cur;
    vector<int> dp(n + 1);
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i){
        dp[i] = dp[i - 1];
        for(int j = 0; j < op[i]; ++j){
            cur.insert(i);
        }
        if(!cur.empty()){
            dp[i] = max(dp[i], int(dp[*cur.begin() - 1] + cur.size()));
        }
        for(int e: del[i]){
            cur.erase(cur.find(e));
        }
    }
    cout << dp[n];
}
 
bool multi = true;
 
signed main() {
    int t = 1;
    if (multi)cin >> t;
    for (int i = 1; i <= t; ++i) {
        solve(i);
        cout << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define long long long int
#define DEBUG
using namespace std;
 
// @author: pashka
 
struct triple {
    long d, x, y;
};
 
triple eucl(long a, long b) {
    if (b == 0) {
        return {a, 1, 0};
    }
    long k = a / b;
    auto [d, x, y] = eucl(b, a - k * b);
    return {d, y, x - k * y};
}
 
struct test {
    void solve() {
        int n, m, H;
        cin >> n >> m >> H;
        vector<long> l(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> l[i];
        vector<long> s(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> s[i];
 
        vector<vector<int>> g(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
            int x, y;
            cin >> x >> y;
            x--;
            y--;
            g[x].push_back(y);
            g[y].push_back(x);
        }
 
        const long INF = 1e18;
        vector<long> d(n, INF);
        d[0] = 0;
        set<pair<long, int>> q;
        q.insert({d[0], 0});
        while (!q.empty()) {
            auto p = *q.begin();
            q.erase(p);
            int v = p.second;
            long t = d[v];
            for (int u: g[v]) {
                long a = (l[v] + (t % H) * s[v]) - (l[u] + (t % H) * s[u]);
                a %= H;
                if (a < 0) a += H;
                long b = s[u] - s[v];
                b %= H;
                if (b < 0) b += H;
                // a - bx = yH
                auto [dd, x, y] = eucl(b, H);
                // xb + yH = dd
                if (a % dd != 0) continue;
                x *= a / dd;
                x %= (H / dd);
                if (x < 0) x += H / dd;
                long dt = x;
                if (d[v] + dt + 1 < d[u]) {
                    q.erase({d[u], u});
                    d[u] = d[v] + dt + 1;
                    q.insert({d[u], u});
                }
            }
        }
        long res = d[n - 1];
        if (res == INF) res = -1;
        cout << res << "\n";
    }
};
 
int main() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
 
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        test().solve();
    }
    
    return 0;
}

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
 
void solve(){
    int n, sz = 26;
    cin >> n;
    string mins = "zzz", cur;
    for(int i = 0; i < sz; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < sz; j++){
            for(int k = 0; k < sz; k++){
                if(i + j + k + 3 == n){
                    cur += char(i + 'a');
                    cur += char(j + 'a');
                    cur += char(k + 'a');
                    mins = min(cur, mins);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    cout << mins << "\n";
 
}
int main(){
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while(t--) {
        solve();
    }
}

def solve():
    n = int(input())
    a = [int(x) for x in input().split()]
    k = sum(a) // n
    for i in range(n - 1):
        if a[i] < k:
            print('NO')
            return
        a[i + 1] += a[i] - k
        a[i] = k
    print('YES')
    
    
for _ in range(int(input())):
    solve()

def solve():
    n = int(input())
    a = list(map(int, input().split()))
    i1 = 0
    i2 = 0
    while i1 < n and a[i1] == a[0]:
        i1 += 1
    while i2 < n and a[n - i2 - 1] == a[n - 1]:
        i2 += 1
    res = n
    if a[0] == a[n - 1]:
        res -= i1
        res -= i2
    else:
        res -= max(i1, i2)
    print(max(0, res))
 
 
t = int(input())
 
 
for i in range(t):
    solve()

def solve():
    n, x, y = map(int, input().split())
    a = [int(x) for x in input().split()]
    cnt = dict()
    ans = 0
    for e in a:
        xx, yy = e % x, e % y
        ans += cnt.get(((x - xx) % x, yy), 0)
        cnt[(xx, yy)] = cnt.get((xx, yy), 0) + 1
    print(ans)
    
    
for _ in range(int(input())):
    solve()

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
#define all(arr) arr.begin(), arr.end()
 
using namespace std;
 
const int MAXN = 200200;
 
int n, m;
string arr[MAXN];
int len[MAXN], zrr[MAXN];
 
void build() {
    memset(zrr, 0, sizeof(*zrr) * n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        len[i] = arr[i].size();
        for (auto it = arr[i].rbegin(); it != arr[i].rend() && *it == '0'; ++it) {
            ++zrr[i];
        }
    }
}
 
string solve() {
    int ans = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        ans += len[i] - zrr[i];
    }
    sort(zrr, zrr + n);
    reverse(zrr, zrr + n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (i & 1) ans += zrr[i];
    }
    return (ans - 1 >= m ? "Sasha" : "Anna");
}
 
int main() {
    int t; cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        cin >> n >> m;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            cin >> arr[i];
        build();
        cout << solve() << '\n';
    }
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
 
using namespace std;
 
typedef long long ll;
 
int timer = 0;
 
void dfs(int v, vector<vector<int>> &g, vector<bool> &vis, vector<int> &tout) {
    vis[v] = true;
    for (int u: g[v]) {
        if (!vis[u]) {
            dfs(u, g, vis, tout);
        }
    }
    tout[v] = timer++;
}
 
void solve() {
    timer = 0;
    int n, k;
    cin >> n >> k;
    vector<vector<int>> a(k, vector<int>(n));
    vector<int> authors(k);
    for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
            cin >> a[i][j];
            a[i][j]--;
        }
        authors[i] = a[i][0];
    }
    vector<vector<int>> g(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
        for (int j = 1; j + 1 < n; ++j) {
            int i1 = a[i][j], i2 = a[i][j + 1];
            g[i1].push_back(i2);
        }
    }
    vector<int> tout(n, -1);
    vector<bool> vis(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (tout[i] == -1) {
            dfs(i, g, vis, tout);
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
        for (int j = 1; j + 1 < n; ++j) {
            int i1 = a[i][j], i2 = a[i][j + 1];
            if (tout[i1] < tout[i2]) {
                cout << "NO";
                return;
            }
        }
    }
    cout << "YES";
}
 
int main() {
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    for (int _ = 0; _ < t; ++_) {
        solve();
        cout << "\n";
    }
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
 
using namespace std;
 
typedef long long ll;
 
const int mod = 998244353;
 
ll pow_mod(ll x, ll p) {
    if (p == 0) {
        return 1;
    }
    if (p % 2 == 0) {
        ll y = pow_mod(x, p / 2);
        return (y * y) % mod;
    }
    return (x * pow_mod(x, p - 1)) % mod;
}
 
ll inv(ll x) {
    return pow_mod(x, mod - 2);
}
 
vector<ll> fact = {1};
 
ll cnk(ll n, ll k) {
    ll res = fact[n];
    res = (res * inv(fact[k])) % mod;
    res = (res * inv(fact[n - k])) % mod;
    return res;
}
 
ll calc(int n1, int n2, int n3, int n4) {
    return (cnk(n1 + n3 - 1, n3) * cnk(n2 + n4 - 1, n4)) % mod;
}
 
void solve() {
    int n1, n2, n3, n4;
    cin >> n1 >> n2 >> n3 >> n4;
    if (n1 + n2 == 0) {
        cout << (n3 == 0 || n4 == 0 ? 1 : 0) << '\n';
        return;
    }
    if (abs(n1 - n2) > 1) {
        cout << "0\n";
        return;
    }
    ll res = 0;
    if (n1 <= n2) {
        res += calc(n1 + 1, n2, n3, n4);
    }
    if (n2 <= n1) {
        res += calc(n1, n2 + 1, n3, n4);
    }
    cout << res % mod << '\n';
}
 
int main() {
    for (ll i = 1; i <= 4e6; ++i) {
        fact.push_back((fact.back() * i) % mod);
    }
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    for (int _ = 0; _ < t; ++_) {
        solve();
    }
}

from collections import deque
 
def solve():
    n = int(input())
    s = deque(input())
    while len(s) > 0 and s[0] == 'W':
        s.popleft()
    while len(s) > 0 and s[-1] == 'W':
        s.pop()
    print(len(s))
    
 
for _ in range(int(input())):
    solve()

def solve():
    n = int(input())
    a = [int(x) for x in input().split()]
    cnt = [0] * 26
    s = ''
    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(26):
            if cnt[j] == a[i]:
                cnt[j] += 1
                s += chr(97 + j)
                break
    print(s)
 
 
for _ in range(int(input())):
    solve()

def solve():
    n, m, k = map(int, input().split())
    a = [int(x) for x in input().split()]
    b = [int(x) for x in input().split()]
    cnt = [0] * (k + 1)
    for e in a:
        if e <= k:
            cnt[e] |= 1
    for e in b:
        if e <= k:
            cnt[e] |= 2
    c = [0] * 4
    for e in cnt:
        c[e] += 1
    if c[1] > k // 2 or c[2] > k // 2 or c[1] + c[2] + c[3] != k:
        print("NO")
    else:
        print("YES")
 
 
for _ in range(int(input())):
    solve()

def solve():
    n = int(input())
    a = [int(x) for x in input().split()]
    p = [-1] * n
    for i in range(1, n):
        p[i] = p[i - 1]
        if a[i] != a[i - 1]:
            p[i] = i - 1
    for i in range(int(input())):
        l, r = map(int, input().split())
        l -= 1
        r -= 1
        if p[r] < l:
            print("-1 -1")
        else:
            print(p[r] + 1, r + 1)
    
    
t = int(input())
for _ in range(t):
    solve()
    if _ + 1 != t:
        print()

def solve():
    n, k = map(int, input().split())
    l, r = 1, n
    ans = [0] * n
    for i in range(k):
        for j in range(i, n, k):
            if i % 2 == 0:
                ans[j] = l
                l += 1
            else:
                ans[j] = r
                r -= 1
    print(*ans)
    
    
for _ in range(int(input())):
    solve()

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
#define int long long
#define pb emplace_back
#define mp make_pair
#define x first
#define y second
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define rall(a) a.rbegin(), a.rend()
 
typedef long double ld;
typedef long long ll;
 
using namespace std;
 
mt19937 rnd(time(nullptr));
 
const ll inf = 1e18;
const ll M = 998244353;
const ld pi = atan2(0, -1);
const ld eps = 1e-6;
 
struct dsu{
    vector<int> p, lvl;
 
    dsu(int n){
        p.resize(n);
        iota(p.begin(), p.end(), 0);
        lvl.assign(n, 0);
    }
 
    int get(int i){
        if (p[i] == i) return i;
        return p[i] = get(p[i]);
    }
 
    bool unite(int a, int b){
        a = get(a);
        b = get(b);
        if(a == b) return false;
        if(lvl[a] < lvl[b]) swap(a, b);
        p[b] = a;
        if(lvl[a] == lvl[b]) lvl[a]++;
        return true;
    }
};
 
bool found;
vector<int> ans, path;
 
void dfs(int v, int p, vector<vector<int>> &g, int f){
    path.push_back(v);
    if(v == f){
        ans = path;
        found = true;
        return;
    }
    for(int u: g[v]){
        if(u != p) dfs(u, v, g, f);
        if (found) return;
    }
    path.pop_back();
}
 
void solve(int tc){
    int n, m;
    cin >> n >> m;
    vector<vector<int>> sl(n);
    vector<pair<int, pair<int, int>>> edges;
    for(int i = 0; i < m; ++i){
        int u, v, w;
        cin >> u >> v >> w;
        --u, --v;
        edges.push_back({w, {u, v}});
    }
    sort(rall(edges));
    dsu g(n);
    pair<int, int> fin;
    int best = INT_MAX;
    for(auto e: edges){
        if(!g.unite(e.y.x, e.y.y)){
            fin = e.y;
            best = e.x;
        }
        else{
            sl[e.y.x].push_back(e.y.y);
            sl[e.y.y].push_back(e.y.x);
        }
    }
    found = false;
    path.resize(0);
    dfs(fin.x, -1, sl, fin.y);
    cout << best <<  " " << ans.size() << "\n";
    for(int e: ans) cout << e + 1 << " ";
}
 
bool multi = true;
 
signed main() {
    int t = 1;
    if (multi)cin >> t;
    for (int i = 1; i <= t; ++i) {
        solve(i);
        cout << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
using namespace std;
 
#define forn(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < int(n); i++)
 
int main() {
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    forn(tt, t) {
        int n;
        cin >> n;
        vector<int> a(n);
        forn(i, n)
            cin >> a[i];
 
        vector<vector<vector<int>>> d(n + 1, vector<vector<int>>(n + 1, vector<int>(n + 1, INT_MAX)));
        d[0][0][0] = 0;
 
        forn(i, n)
            forn(j, n)
                forn(k, n + 1)
                    if (d[i][j][k] < INT_MAX) {
                        int ai = a[i];
 
                        // Z
                        {
                            int ni = i + 1;
                            int nj = j > 0 ? j + 1 : (k == 0 ? 1 : 0);
                            int nk = max(0, k - 1);
                            d[ni][nj][nk] = min(d[ni][nj][nk], d[i][j][k]);
                        }
 
                        // L
                        {
                            int ni = i + 1;
                            int nj = j > 0 ? j + 1 : 0;
                            if (nj <= ai)
                                nj = 0;
                            int nk = max(0, k - 1);
                            d[ni][nj][nk] = min(d[ni][nj][nk], d[i][j][k] + 1);
                        }
 
                        // R
                        {
                            int ni = i + 1;
                            int nj = j > 0 ? j + 1 : 0;
                            int nk = max(ai - 1, k - 1);
                            d[ni][nj][nk] = min(d[ni][nj][nk], d[i][j][k] + 1);
                        }
                    }
 
        cout << *min_element(d[n][0].begin(), d[n][0].end()) << endl;
    }
}

for _ in range(int(input())):
    s = input()
    for c in "abcdefgh":
        if c != s[0]:
            print(c + s[1], end=' ')
    for c in "12345678":
        if c != s[1]:
            print(s[0] + c, end=' ')
    print()

for _ in range(int(input())):
    s = list(input())
    n = len(s)
    upper = []
    lower = []
    for i in range(n):
        if s[i] == 'b':
            s[i] = ''
            if lower:
                s[lower.pop()] = ''
            continue
        if s[i] == 'B':
            s[i] = ''
            if upper:
                s[upper.pop()] = ''
            continue
        if 'a' <= s[i] <= 'z':
            lower += [i]
        else:
            upper += [i]
    print(''.join(s))

orda = ord('a')

def solve():
    n = int(input())
    cnt = [0] * 26
    for c in input():
        cnt[ord(c) - orda] += 1
    mx = max(cnt)
    print(max(n % 2, 2 * mx - n))


for _ in range(int(input())):
    solve()

def solve():
    n = int(input())
    seg = [list(map(int, input().split())) for x in range(n)]

    def check(k):
        ll, rr = 0, 0
        for e in seg:
            ll = max(ll - k, e[0])
            rr = min(rr + k, e[1])
            if ll > rr:
                return False
        return True

    l, r = -1, 10 ** 9
    while r - l > 1:
        mid = (r + l) // 2
        if check(mid):
            r = mid
        else:
            l = mid
    print(r)


for _ in range(int(input())):
    solve()

t = int(input())
for _ in range(t):
    n = int(input())
    cnt = 1
    while n > 0:
        d = n % 10
        n //= 10
        mul = 0
        for i in range(d + 1):
            for j in range(d + 1):
                if d - i - j >= 0:
                    mul += 1
        cnt *= mul
    print(cnt)

t = int(input())
for _ in range(t):
    n = int(input())
    a = list(map(int, input().split()))
    a = list(reversed(a))*2
    p = [0]
    q = [0]
    for i in range(n*2-1):
        p.append(p[-1]+1 if a[i]>=a[i+1] else 0)
        q.append(q[-1]+1 if a[i]<=a[i+1] else 0)
    minn = 1000000
    for i in range(n-1,len(p)):
        if p[i] == n-1:
            minn = min(minn, i-n+1, len(p)-i+1)
        if q[i] == n-1:
            minn = min(minn, len(p)-i, i-n+2)
    print(-1 if minn == 1000000 else minn)

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define long long long int
#define DEBUG
using namespace std;

// @author: pashka

void solve(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<bool> s(n);
    {
        string ss;
        cin >> ss;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            s[i] = ss[i] == '1';
        }
    }
    vector<int> a(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cin >> a[i];
        a[i]--;
    }

    vector<int> res;
    vector<int> d(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        d[a[i]]++;
    }
    vector<int> z;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (d[i] == 0) z.push_back(i);
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < (int)z.size(); i++) {
        int x = z[i];
        int y = a[x];
        if (s[x]) {
            res.push_back(x);
            s[x] = !s[x];
            s[y] = !s[y];
        }
        d[y]--;
        if (d[y] == 0) {
            z.push_back(y);
        }
    }

    vector<bool> u(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (s[i] && !u[i]) {
            int x = i;
            vector<int> p;
            vector<bool> ps;
            int c = 0;
            while (!u[x]) {
                p.push_back(x);
                ps.push_back(s[x]);
                c += s[x];
                u[x] = true;
                x = a[x];
            }
            int k = p.size();
            p.push_back(x);
            ps.push_back(s[x]);
            if (c % 2 == 1) {
                cout << -1;
                return;
            }
            vector<int> v1;
            vector<bool> ps1 = ps;
            for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
                if (j == 0 || ps1[j]) {
                    v1.push_back(p[j]);
                    ps1[j] = !ps1[j];
                    ps1[j + 1] = !ps1[j + 1];
                }
            }
            vector<int> v2;
            vector<bool> ps2 = ps;
            for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
                if (j != 0 && ps2[j]) {
                    v2.push_back(p[j]);
                    ps2[j] = !ps2[j];
                    ps2[j + 1] = !ps2[j + 1];
                }
            }
            if (v1.size() < v2.size()) {
                for (auto x : v1) {
                    res.push_back(x);
                }
            } else {
                for (auto x : v2) {
                    res.push_back(x);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    cout << res.size() << "\n";
    for (auto x : res) cout << x + 1 << " ";
}

int main() {
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    for(int _ = 0; _ < t; ++_){
        solve();
        cout << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

def solve():
    n, m = map(int, input().split())
    x = input()
    s = input()
    for i in range(6):
        if s in x:
            print(i)
            return
        x += x
    print(-1)


for _ in range(int(input())):
    solve()

for _ in range(int(input())):
    a, b, c = sorted(map(int, input().split()))
    if a == b and b == c:
        print('YES')
    elif b % a == 0 and c % a == 0 and (b // a - 1) + (c // a - 1) <= 3:
        print('YES')
    else:
        print('NO')

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define all(arr) arr.begin(), arr.end()

using namespace std;

const int MAXN = 1010;

int n;
string A[MAXN];

int solve() {
    int ans = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i * 2 < n; ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j * 2 < n; ++j) {
            vector<char> M {A[i][j], A[n - 1 - j][i], A[n - 1 - i][n - 1 - j], A[j][n - 1 - i]};
            char c = *max_element(all(M));
            for(char e: M)
                ans += c - e;
        }
    return ans;
}

int main() {
    int t; cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        cin >> n;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            cin >> A[i];
        cout << solve() << endl;
    }
}

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int maxv = 1000000;

void add_divs(int x, map<int, int>&divs){
    int i = 2;
    while(i * i <= x){
        while (x % i == 0){
            divs[i]++;
            x /= i;
        }
        i++;
    }
    if(x > 1) divs[x]++;
}

bool solve(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<int>a(n);
    map<int, int> divs;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cin >> a[i];
        add_divs(a[i], divs);
    }
    for(auto e: divs){
        if(e.second % n != 0) return false;
    }
    return true;
}

int main(){
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while(t--) {
        cout << (solve() ? "YES" : "NO") << "\n";
    }
}

def solve():
    n = int(input())
    a = [int(x) for x in input().split()]
    dp = [n + 1] * n

    def get(pos):
        if pos > n:
            return n + 1
        if pos == n:
            return 0
        return dp[pos]

    dp[-1] = 1
    for i in range(n - 2, -1, -1):
        dp[i] = min(dp[i + 1] + 1, get(i + a[i] + 1))
    print(dp[0])


for _ in range(int(input())):
    solve()

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int n;
vector<vector<int>> g;

void dfs(int v, int p, vector<int> &d){
	if(p != -1) d[v] = d[p] + 1;
	for(int u: g[v]){
		if(u != p){
			dfs(u, v, d);
		}
	}
}

int main(){
    int t;
	cin>>t;
	while(t--){
	    int k;
		cin>>n>>k;
		g.assign(n, vector<int>(0));
		vector<int> marked(k);
		for(int &e: marked) cin >> e, --e;
		for(int i=1;i<n;i++){
			int u, v;
			cin >> u >> v;
			--u, --v;
			g[u].push_back(v);
			g[v].push_back(u);
		}
		if(k==1){
			cout<<0<<"\n";
			continue;
		}
		vector<int> d1(n);
		dfs(marked[0], -1, d1);
		int mx = marked[0];
		for(int e: marked){
		    if(d1[e] > d1[mx]) mx = e;
		}
		vector<int> d2(n);
		dfs(mx, -1, d2);
		mx = marked[0];
		for(int e: marked){
		    if(d2[e] > d2[mx]) mx = e;
		}
		cout << (d2[mx] + 1) / 2 << "\n";
	}
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <set>
#include <cstring>
#define int long long

using namespace std;

const int L = 26;
const int MAXN = 200200;

int n, m;
string s;
set<int> M2, M3;
int fen[MAXN];

void fenadd(int i, int x) {
	x = (x % L + L) % L;
	for (; i < n; i |= (i + 1))
		fen[i] = (fen[i] + x) % L;
}

int fenget(int i) {
	int ans = 0;
	for (; i >= 0; i = (i & (i + 1)) - 1)
		ans = (ans + fen[i]) % L;
	return ans;
}

void relax(int l, int r) {
	l = max(l, 0LL);
	r = min(r, n);
	for (int i = l; i + 1 < r; ++i) {
		int c1 = fenget(i);
		int c2 = fenget(i + 1);

		if (c1 == c2) M2.insert(i);
		else M2.erase(i);

		if (i + 2 >= r) continue;

		int c3 = fenget(i + 2);
		if (c1 == c3) M3.insert(i);
		else M3.erase(i);
	}
}

void build() {
	M2.clear();
	M3.clear();
	memset(fen, 0, n * sizeof(int));
	fenadd(0, s[0] - 'a');
	for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
		fenadd(i, s[i] - s[i - 1] + L);
	}
	for (int i = 0; i + 1 < n; ++i) {
		if (s[i] == s[i + 1]) M2.insert(i);
		if (i + 2 < n && s[i] == s[i + 2]) M3.insert(i);
	}
}

void update(int l, int r, int x) {
	fenadd(l, x);
	relax(l - 5, l + 5);
	fenadd(r, L - x);
	relax(r - 5, r + 5);
}

bool query(int l, int r) {
	auto it = M2.lower_bound(l);
	if (it != M2.end() && *it + 1 < r) return false;
	it = M3.lower_bound(l);
	if (it != M3.end() && *it + 2 < r) return false;
	return true;
}

signed main() {
	int t; cin >> t;
	while (t--) {
		cin >> n >> m >> s;
		build();
		while (m--) {
			int tp, l, r; cin >> tp >> l >> r, --l;
			if (tp == 1) {
				int x; cin >> x;
				update(l, r, x);
			} else {
				cout << (query(l, r) ? "YES" : "NO") << '\n';
			}
		}
	}
}

• 2015 Google Code Jam Round 1A (GCJ 15 Round 1A)
• 2015 Google Code Jam Round 1C (GCJ 15 Round 1C)
• 2015 Google Code Jam World Finals (GCJ 15 World Finals)
• 2016 Google Code Jam Round 1A (GCJ 16 Round 1A)
• 2016 Google Code Jam Round 1B (GCJ 16 Round 1B)
• 2016 Google Code Jam Round 1C (GCJ 16 Round 1C)
• 2016 Google Code Jam Round 2 (GCJ 16 Round 2)
• 2016 Google Code Jam Round 3 (GCJ 16 Round 3)
• 2016 Google Code Jam World Finals (GCJ 16 World Finals)
• 2017 Google Code Jam Round 1A (GCJ 17 Round 1A)
• 2017 Google Code Jam Qualification Round (GCJ 17 Qualification Round)
• 2017 Google Code Jam Round 1B (GCJ 17 Round 1B)
• 2017 Google Code Jam Round 1C (GCJ 17 Round 1C)
• 2017 Google Code Jam Round 2 (GCJ 17 Round 2)
• 2017 Google Code Jam Round 3 (GCJ 17 Round 3)
• 2017 Google Code Jam World Finals (GCJ 17 World Finals)
• 2018 Google Code Jam Round 1A (GCJ 18 Round 1A)
• 2018 Google Code Jam Round 1B (GCJ 18 Round 1B)
• 2018 Google Code Jam Round 2 (GCJ 18 Round 2)
• 2020 Google Code Jam Round 1A (GCJ 20 Round 1A)
• 2020 Google Code Jam Round 1C (GCJ 20 Round 1C)
• 2020 Google Code Jam Round 2 (GCJ 20 Round 2)
• 2020 Google Code Jam Virtual World Finals (GCJ 20 Virtual World Finals)
• 2019 Google Code Jam Qualification Round (GCJ 19 Qualification Round)

import sys
import requests
import json
import time
import random
import string
import hashlib

contestids = ['ids of gyms you used for testing']
participants = set()
key = open('key', 'r').read()
secret = open('secret', 'r').read()
for contestid in contestids:
    rand = ''.join([random.choice(string.ascii_letters + string.digits) for n in range(6)])
    params = [f'contestId={contestid}', 'showUnofficial=true', f'apiKey={key}', f'time={int(time.time())}']
    req_params = '&'.join(params)
    hash_params = '&'.join(sorted(params))
    h = hashlib.sha512(f'{rand}/contest.standings?{hash_params}#{secret}'.encode('utf-8'))
    sig = f'{rand}{h.hexdigest()}'
    req = f'https://mirror.codeforces.com/api/contest.standings?{req_params}&apiSig={sig}'
    standings = requests.get(req).json()['result']['rows']
    for row in standings:
        for participant in row['party']['members']:
            participants.add(participant['handle'])

participants = list(participants)
bounds    = [           3000,      2400,     2100,         1900,    1600,        1400,      1200,   -1000]
en_colors = [    'red-black',     'red', 'yellow',     'purple',  'blue',      'cyan',   'green',  'grey']
ru_colors = ['красно-чёрное', 'красное', 'жёлтое', 'фиолетовое', 'синее', 'бирюзовое', 'зелёное', 'серое']
rated_list = [[] for i in range(8)]
print(f'{len(participants)} testers:', *participants)
req = 'https://mirror.codeforces.com/api/user.info?handles='
for participant in participants:
    req += participant + ';'
resp = requests.get(req)
while resp.status_code != 200:
    time.sleep(1)
    resp = requests.get(req)
resp = resp.json()['result']
for participant in resp:
    for i in range(8):
        if bounds[i] <= participant['rating']:
            rated_list[i] += ['[user: ' + participant['handle'] + ']']
            break
sys.stdout = open('ru.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
for i in range(8):
    if len(rated_list[i]) == 0:
        continue
    print(*rated_list[i], sep=', ', end=' ')
    print(f'за {ru_colors[i]} тестирование раунда')
sys.stdout = open('en.txt', 'w')
for i in range(8):
    if len(rated_list[i]) == 0:
        continue
    print(*rated_list[i], sep=', ', end=' ')
    print(f'for {en_colors[i]} testing')

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define forn(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < int(n); i++)
#define sz(v) (int)v.size()
#define all(v) v.begin(),v.end()
#define eb emplace_back



void solve() {
    int n,m,k,H; cin >> n >> m >> k >> H;
    int ans = 0;
    forn(i, n) {
        int x; cin >> x;
        ans += (H != x) && abs(H - x) % k == 0 && abs(H-x) <= (m-1) * k;
    }
    cout << ans << endl;
}

int main() {
    int t;
    cin >> t;

    forn(tt, t) {
        solve();
    }
}

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

bool solve(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<int>a(n), b(n);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        cin >> a[i];
        b[i] = a[i];
    }
    sort(b.begin(), b.end());
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        if((a[i] % 2) != (b[i] % 2)) return false;
    }
    return true;

}

int main(){
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while(t--){
        cout << (solve() ? "YES" : "NO") << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

#include "bits/stdc++.h"
using namespace std;

bool solve(){
    int n, k;
    cin >> n >> k;
    vector<int>c(n);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> c[i];
    int left = 0, right = 0, i = 0, j = n - 1;
    int k_left = k, k_right = k;

    if (c[0] == c[n - 1]){
        k_left = k / 2;
        k_right = k - k_left;
    }
    for(; i < n && left < k_left; i++){
        if(c[i] == c[0]) left++;
    }
    for(; j >= 0 && right < k_right; j--){
        if(c[j] == c[n - 1]) right++;
    }
    return (i - 1) < (j + 1);
}

int main(){
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while(t--){
        cout << (solve() ? "YES" : "NO") << "\n";
    }

}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <map>

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;

ll n;

bool isPermutation(vector<ll> a) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (a[i] <= 0 || a[i] > n) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    set<ll> s(a.begin(), a.end());
    return s.size() == n;
}

vector<ll> prefSumToArray(vector<ll> p) {
    vector<ll> res(n);
    res[0] = p[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
        res[i] = p[i] - p[i - 1];
    }
    return res;
}

void solve() {
    cin >> n;
    vector<ll> a(n - 1);
    for (int i = 0; i + 1 < n; ++i) {
        cin >> a[i];
    }
    ll x = n * (n + 1) / 2;
    if (a.back() != x) {
        a.push_back(x);
        vector<ll> b = prefSumToArray(a);
        if (isPermutation(b)) {
            cout << "YES\n";
        } else {
            cout << "NO\n";
        }
        return;
    }
    map<ll, int> cnt;
    cnt[a[0]]++;
    for (int i = 1; i < n - 1; ++i) {
        cnt[a[i] - a[i - 1]]++;
    }
    vector<int> cntGt1;
    for (auto p: cnt) {
        if (p.second > 1) {
            cntGt1.push_back(p.first);
        }
    }
    if (cntGt1.size() > 1) {
        cout << "NO\n";
        return;
    }
    if (cntGt1.size() == 1) {
        int x1 = cntGt1[0];
        if (cnt[x1] > 2) {
            cout << "NO\n";
            return;
        }
    }
    vector<int> cnt0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
        if (cnt[i] == 0) {
            cnt0.push_back(i);
        }
    }
    if (cnt0.size() != 2) {
        cout << "NO\n";
        return;
    }
    cout << "YES\n";
}

int main() {
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0);
    cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    for (int _ = 0; _ < t; ++_) {
        solve();
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define int long long

using namespace std;

vector<int> dp;
vector<bool> used;
vector<vector<int>> sl;

int get(int v){
    if(used[v]){
        return dp[v];
    }
    used[v] = true;
    int s = 0;
    for(int u: sl[v]){
        s += get(u);
    }
    if(!sl[v].empty()) dp[v] = min(dp[v], s);
    return dp[v];
}

void solve(int tc) {
    int n, k;
    cin >> n >> k;
    dp.resize(n);
    used.assign(n, false);
    sl.assign(n, vector<int>(0));
    for(int &e: dp) cin >> e;
    for(int i = 0; i < k; ++i){
        int e;
        cin >> e;
        dp[--e] = 0;
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        int m;
        cin >> m;
        sl[i].resize(m);
        for(int &e: sl[i]){
            cin >> e;
            --e;
        }
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        get(i);
    }
    for(int e: dp) cout << e << " ";
}

bool multi = true;

signed main() {
    int t = 1;
    if(multi) cin >> t;
    for (int i = 1; i <= t; ++i) {
        solve(i);
        cout << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define all(arr) arr.begin(), arr.end()

using namespace std;

const int MAXN = 200200;
const int MAXK = 30;
const int MAXMEM = MAXN * MAXK;

mt19937 rng(07062006);

struct node {
	node *chi[2] {nullptr};
	int sz = 0, id = -1;
};

int n, k;
int arr[MAXN];
node *mem = new node[MAXMEM];
node *root, *mpos;

void add_num(node* &v, int val, int i, int id) {
	if (v == nullptr) *(v = mpos++) = node();
	v->sz++;
	if (i == -1) {
		v->id = id;
		return;
	}
	add_num(v->chi[val >> i & 1], val, i - 1, id);
}

int down(node *v, int val, int i, int &x, int &jans) {
	if (i == -1) {
		jans = v->id;
		return 0;
	}
	int b = val >> i & 1;
	if (v->chi[b])
		return down(v->chi[b], val, i - 1, x ^= ((1 ^ b) << i), jans) | (1 << i);
	return down(v->chi[b ^ 1], val, i - 1, x ^= ((rng() & 1) << i), jans);
}

void build() {
	root = nullptr;
	mpos = mem;
	add_num(root, *arr, k - 1, 0);
}

tuple<int, int, int> solve() {
	int ians = 0, jans = 1, xans = 0;
	for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
		int x = 0, j = -1;
		int cur = down(root, arr[i], k - 1, x, j);
		if (cur > ((arr[ians] ^ xans) & (arr[jans] ^ xans)))
			ians = j, jans = i, xans = x;
		add_num(root, arr[i], k - 1, i);
	}
	return {ians, jans, xans};
}

int main() {
	int t; cin >> t;
	while (t--) {
		cin >> n >> k;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
			cin >> arr[i];
		build();
		auto [ians, jans, xans] = solve();
		cout << ++ians << ' ' << ++jans << ' ' << xans << endl;
	}
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define x first
#define y second
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define rall(a) a.rbegin(), a.rend()

typedef long double ld;
typedef long long ll;

using namespace std;

struct dsu{
    vector<int> p, lvl;

    dsu(int n){
        p.resize(n);
        lvl.assign(n, 0);
        iota(all(p), 0);
    }

    int get(int i){
        if(i == p[i]) return i;
        return p[i] = get(p[i]);
    }

    bool unite(int a, int b){
        a = get(a);
        b = get(b);
        if(a == b){
            return false;
        }
        if(lvl[a] < lvl[b])swap(a, b);
        p[b] = a;
        if(lvl[a] == lvl[b]){
            ++lvl[a];
        }
        return true;
    }

    bool reachable(int a, int b){
        return get(a) == get(b);
    }
};

void solve(int tc) {
    int n, m;
    cin >> n >> m;
    vector<pair<int, int>> h(n);
    for(auto &e: h) cin >> e.x;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        h[i].y = i;
    }
    dsu graph(n);
    vector<vector<int>> sl(n);
    for(int i = 0; i < m; ++i){
        int u, v;
        cin >> u >> v;
        --u, --v;
        if(h[u].x > h[v].x) sl[u].emplace_back(v);
        else sl[v].emplace_back(u);
    }
    int q;
    cin >> q;
    vector<pair<pair<int, int>, pair<int, int>>> req(q);
    for(auto &e: req){
        cin >> e.y.x >> e.y.y >> e.x.x;
        --e.y.x, --e.y.y;
        e.x.x += h[e.y.x].x;
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < q; ++i){
        req[i].x.y = i;
    }

    sort(all(h));
    sort(all(req));
    vector<bool> ans(q);
    int j = 0;
    for(auto e: req){
        while (j < n && h[j].x <= e.x.x) {
            for(int u: sl[h[j].y]){
                graph.unite(h[j].y, u);
            }
            ++j;
        }
        ans[e.x.y] = graph.reachable(e.y.x, e.y.y);
    }
    for(bool e: ans) cout << (e? "YES": "NO") << "\n";
}

bool multi = true;

signed main() {
    int t = 1;
    if(multi) cin >> t;
    for (int i = 1; i <= t; ++i) {
        solve(i);
        if(i < t) cout << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

def solve():
    n = int(input())
    s = input()
    cnt = set()
    for i in range(1, n):
        cnt.add(s[i - 1] + s[i])
    print(len(cnt))


t = int(input())
for _ in range(t):
    solve()

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void  solve(){
    int n, k;
    cin >> n >> k;
    vector<pair<int, int>>a(n);
    vector<int>b(n), ans(n);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        cin >> a[i].first;
        a[i].second = i;
    }
    for(auto &i : b) cin >> i;
    sort(b.begin(), b.end());
    sort(a.begin(), a.end());

    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        ans[a[i].second] = b[i];
    }
    for(auto &i : ans) cout << i << ' ';
    cout << endl;
}
int main(){
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while(t--) solve();
}

def solve():
    n = int(input())
    a = [int(x) for x in input().split()]
    a.sort()
    if a[0] % 2 == 1:
        print("YES")
        return
    for i in range(n):
        if a[i] % 2 == 1:
            print("NO")
            return
    print("YES")


t = int(input())
for _ in range(t):
    solve()

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define forn(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < int(n); i++)
#define sz(v) (int)v.size()
#define all(v) v.begin(),v.end()
#define eb emplace_back



void solve() {
    int n; cin >> n;
    vector<int> p(n);
    for (auto &e : p) cin >> e;

    int r = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (p[min(n-1, r+1)] <= p[min(n-1, i+1)]) {
            r = i;
        }
    }
    vector<int> ans;
    for (int i = r + 1; i < n; ++i) ans.eb(p[i]);
    ans.eb(p[r]);
    for (int i = r-1; i >= 0; --i) {
        if (p[i] > p[0]) {
            ans.eb(p[i]);
        } else {
            for (int j = 0; j <= i; ++j) {
                ans.eb(p[j]);
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    for (auto e : ans) cout << e << ' ';
    cout << endl;
}

int main() {
    int t;
    cin >> t;

    forn(tt, t) {
        solve();
    }
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;

void solve() {
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<int> a(n);
    vector<set<int>> g(n);
    vector<set<int>> neighbours(n);
    vector<int> d(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        cin >> a[i];
        a[i]--;
        g[i].insert(a[i]);
        g[a[i]].insert(i);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        d[i] = g[i].size();
    }
    int bamboos = 0, cycles = 0;
    vector<bool> vis(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (!vis[i]) {
            queue<int> q;
            q.push(i);
            vis[i] = true;
            vector<int> component = {i};
            while (!q.empty()) {
                int u = q.front();
                q.pop();
                for (int v: g[u]) {
                    if (!vis[v]) {
                        vis[v] = true;
                        q.push(v);
                        component.push_back(v);
                    }
                }
            }
            bool bamboo = false;
            for (int j: component) {
                if (d[j] == 1) {
                    bamboo = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (bamboo) {
                bamboos++;
            } else {
                cycles++;
            }
        }
    }
    cout << cycles + min(bamboos, 1) << ' ' << cycles + bamboos << '\n';
}

int main() {
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    for (int _ = 0; _ < t; ++_) {
        solve();
    }
}

/*
         `)
        _ \
      (( }/  ,_
      )))__ /
     (((---'
       \ '
        )|____.---- )
       / \ `       (
      / ' \ `      )
     /  '  \  `   /
    /   '       _/
   /   _!____.-'
  /_.-'/    \
     |`_    |`_
*/
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
typedef pair<int, int> ipair;

const int MAXN = 200200;
const int MAXK = MAXN;
const int MOD = 1000000007;

inline int add(int a, int b) {
	return (a + b >= MOD ? a + b - MOD : a + b);
}

inline int mul(int a, int b) {
	return 1LL * a * b % MOD;
}

int n, m, k;
int arr[MAXN], brr[MAXN], cnt[MAXK];

void build() {
	sort(arr, arr + n);
	memcpy(brr, arr, sizeof(int) * n);
	k = unique(arr, arr + n) - arr;
	for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j)
		cnt[j] = upper_bound(brr, brr + n, arr[j]) - lower_bound(brr, brr + n, arr[j]);
}

inline void push(stack<ipair> &S, int x) {
	S.emplace(x, mul(x, S.empty() ? 1 : S.top().second));
}

int solve() {
	if (k < m) return 0;
	stack<ipair> S1, S2;
	for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j)
		push(S1, cnt[j]);
	int ans = 0;
	for (int j = m; j <= k; ++j) {
		if (arr[j - 1] - arr[j - m] == m - 1)
			ans = add(ans, mul(S1.empty() ? 1 : S1.top().second, S2.empty() ? 1 : S2.top().second));
		if (S2.empty()) {
			for (; !S1.empty(); S1.pop())
				push(S2, S1.top().first);
		}
		S2.pop();
		push(S1, cnt[j]);
	}
	return ans;
}

int main() {
	int t; cin >> t;
	while (t--) {
		cin >> n >> m;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
			cin >> arr[i];
		build();
		cout << solve() << endl;
	}
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
typedef pair<int, int> ipair;

const int MAXN = 200200;

int n;
vector<ipair> gr[MAXN];
vector<int> res;
queue<int> qu;
int par[MAXN], ipar[MAXN], deg[MAXN], hard[MAXN];

void init() {
	res.clear();
	while (!qu.empty()) qu.pop();
	memset(deg, 0, sizeof(int) * n);
	memset(hard, 0, sizeof(int) * n);
	for (int v = 0; v < n; ++v)
		gr[v].clear();
}

void dfs(int v, int p, int ip) {
	par[v] = p;
	ipar[v] = ip;
	for (auto [u, i]: gr[v]) {
		if (u == p) continue;
		dfs(u, v, i);
		++deg[v];
		hard[v] += (deg[u] > 0);
	}
}

void build() {
	dfs(0, -1, -1);
}

bool rempar(int v) {
	int u = par[v];
	if (u == -1) return true;
	par[v] = -1;
	res.push_back(ipar[v]);
	--deg[u], --hard[u];
	if (deg[u]) {
		if (!hard[u]) qu.push(u);
		return true;
	}
	if (par[u] == -1) return false;
	--hard[par[u]];
	if (!hard[par[u]]) qu.push(par[u]);
	return true;
}

bool solve() {
	if (n % 3) return false;
	for (int v = 0; v < n; ++v)
		if (!hard[v] && deg[v]) qu.push(v);
	while (!qu.empty()) {
		int v = qu.front(); qu.pop();
		if (deg[v] > 2) return false;
		if (deg[v] == 2) {
			if (!rempar(v)) return false;
		} else if (deg[v] == 1) {
			if (par[v] == -1) return false;
			for (auto [u, i]: gr[par[v]]) {
				if (u == par[par[v]] || u == v || par[u] == -1) continue;
				if (!deg[u]) return false;
				res.push_back(i);
				par[u] = -1;
			}
			if (!rempar(par[v])) return false;
		}
	}
	return true;
}

int main() {
	int t; cin >> t;
	while (t--) {
		cin >> n, init();
		for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
			int v, u; cin >> v >> u, --v, --u;
			gr[v].emplace_back(u, i);
			gr[u].emplace_back(v, i);
		}
		build();
		if (!solve()) {
			cout << -1 << endl;
			continue;
		}
		cout << res.size() << endl;
		for (int id: res)
			cout << id << ' ';
		cout << endl;
	}
}