That's somewhat similar to this Knowledge Distiliation

I've solved some problems with very simple "learning" approaches. For most algorithmic problems with particular solutions you need to figure out, and that don't fit within a very standard pattern that you need to recognise, it's close enough to impossible.

The main area is optimisation problems. A human won't produce an ugly yet efficient heuristic, but it can be learned quite easily. Similar to that area is constructing an object with particular properties, if the constraints on those properties aren't too tight so you can basically optimise to fit those properties to a greater extent until you arrive at one of many accepted solutions.

Also, generating difficult test data is one area in which it can be applied outside of contests themselves.