Hello everyone, this summer at Petrozavodsk was my second ICPC contest, now it will be held as OpenCup round.
XX Open Cup Grand Prix of Kazan takes place on Sunday, September 8, 2019, at 11:00 AM Moscow time
The link to the contest. You need an Open Cup login to participate.
To ensure Codeforces traditions, I will say thanks to the testers Benq, EvenImage, whzzt, sunset, TLE, ko_osaga, rushcheyo, jiry_2, gamegame, heuristica. Also thanks to izban with help in tasks choosing.
UPD: Now the contest is loaded to the gym!
The contest will start in less than 30 minutes!~
Thanks, everyone, for participating! Editorial pdf: link
Can you give the pdf link of problems, its hard to login.
Hello! I was the tester, and I really liked problem H here. It is easily my best problem of 2019. Please solve it!
(^з^)-☆ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥
My D passed a stress test but failed on test 9. Do anyone have any idea for the reason?
Answer is 4.
Finally I found a stupid bug and ACed. Thank you for the nice problem set:)
On the other hand, we got AC on problem A which failed our stresstests 8) (not sure if it satisfied input constraints but we were treating input just as a chordal graph of treewidth <=3) But we managed to find the but afterwards
Maybe your algorithm of recognition is not correct for arbitary chordal graph with small treewidth?
That part was trivial. Just find a vertex whose neighbourhood is a clique and remove it . Moreover, naive way of recognition gives you n^2 time, but you can do it with lexbfs in linear or n log n time (I don't remember), what gives a much better complexity than what was written in editorial, since the latter dp part is linear. But anyway, that linear dp part has constant factor sth like 100000, so yeah xD. Our bug was in processing the Join nodes, but it was very hard to find a test where it fails (it was once per a few thousands in our stresstests), so I am not surprised we managed to pass system tests. We didn't think if it is possible to find a failing tests that is compliant with problem constraints, but this should be possible.
Well, if with arbitary chordal graph you found it with several thousand iterations, probably Apollonian network will require much more iterations :)
So it was hard for me to predict your bug :(
Anyway, hope you liked this problem xd
I was the one to read it and state "well, it's rather obvious — just standard connectivity dp over bounded treewidth" and delegated coding it to Marek xD. So well, let's say that coding these is kind of a masochistic pleasure, like geometry which I forced myself to enjoy xD. And we can brag afterwards that we actually coded on a competition something that nobody sane ever attempts to code xD.
Real masochistic pleasure comes from the first solution of J. I spent slightly more than a full day to solve it in that way. Everybody should upsolve J in that way XD
For even more 'pleasure', solve it in basically the same way, but with a LinkCutTree instead of HLD (which I just did).
Sorry for necroposting, but could you please share how you wrote the generator for chordal graphs with bounded treewidth?
I am not sure that's the exact way we used during contest, but what I would do right now is to start with a triangle and repeatedly find random 3 vertices that form a triangle and create a new vertex and connect it to all vertices of that triangle (since it needed to have tw<=3).
Thanks!
I also love the problems, especially F, H and J. One of the best rounds ;)
I really liked F and especially H as well!
In K, isn't there $$$K^2$$$ possible candidates? Doing Inclusion-Exclusion over that many elements is too much right?
Yeah, there are around $$$70$$$ possible candidates. But with described optimizations solution works much faster than $$$2^{70}$$$.
How can I get an Open Cup login QwQ
Contact snarknews~
I think the first step of A can be done by removing 3-degree vertex repeatedly.
Well, if you will delete arbitrary vertex of degree 3 it won't work, because at some moment you can delete some border vertex of the triangle, and there may be no possible variant to continue this decomposition :)
Depends on what kind of decomposition you're aiming for. We deleted vertices with degree 3 whose neighbourhood is a clique, but we can get some different decomposition than one described in statement (because of what ~300iq said), but it didn't matter to us at all. Maybe it is important to some other solutions.
Yes, it was not correct way for "Apollonian Network". However it works when we ignore planarity and we can obtain a tree decomposition of tree-width
-4-3 in O(N). Then we must be able to construct O(N) DP.Exactly, that's what we did during contest :)
What's "tree decomposition of tree width 4"?
For Apollonian Network you can build tree decomposition with treewidth 4
To be precise, bags are of size <=4, so the treewidth is <=3 xD
For dp part, what are the states for each bag (k4)? I feel there are too many (like if the corners are used, if the edges are used). But then merging three such states to get the parents state is yet another nightmare. Any simpler way to think about it?
Actually you don't need info about edges, just maintain connected components of its vertices and their degrees :)
Key idea is that in fact you can look at path like a "connected set of vertices with degrees <= 2 and exactly two vertices with degree = 1".
300iq Can you share the problem set here as pdf or something for ppl without Open cup logins please :)
Soon I will load the contest to codeforces gym, don't worry.
It's funny that problems H and J were kinda similar and during competition I thought that H will be solved by augmenting paths and J will be solved by parametric search but it turned out to be exactly opposite xD
XD, for me it looks impossible to use augmenting paths, when you have queries on segments? :P
That's why I had no idea how to solve it xD. By the way, augmenting paths looked impossible in J as well, I have to admit that none of us understands anything from that solution even now :(
Oh, that is sad, I thought that this solution should be simple to come up with but impossible to write :)
In problem E how to do Gaussian Elimination in $$$O\left(\frac{(n+60)^2}{64}\right)$$$ per every new vector?
Store the basis in form $$$base[i]$$$ — the vector of the maximum price which has its first bit set at $$$i$$$ or None. When adding, iterate over the set bits $$$i$$$ of the new vector. As usual, if $$$base[i]$$$ is None, put it there and break. If the price of $$$base[i]$$$ is lower than the new one, swap your vector with $$$base[i]$$$ and continue as if the new vector was in the basis and you were adding $$$base[i]$$$ to it.
Could someone please shed some more light on problem C? I don't really get the idea from the editorial.
Let's do three DPs:
$$$f(u, S):$$$ Number of cactuses rooted at $$$u$$$, and the nodes in set $$$S$$$ are available.
$$$g(u, S):$$$ Same as $$$f$$$, but $$$u$$$ can create at-most $$$1$$$ sub-tree. That is, number of cactuses rooted at $$$u$$$ on nodes from $$$S$$$, such that $$$u$$$ is attached to only one other node or part of only one cycle.
$$$h(u, v, S):$$$ Number of cactuses rooted at $$$v$$$ with nodes from $$$S$$$, that loops back to $$$u$$$. (Assuming there is already a path from $$$v$$$ to $$$u$$$, this dp should create a path from $$$u$$$ to $$$v$$$, including the possibility of $$$u\to v$$$.)
This is the easiest one.
Take any $$$T \subseteq S$$$, create a sub-tree cactus with nodes in $$$T$$$ using $$$g(u, T)$$$ and another cactus with nodes in $$$S\setminus T$$$ using $$$f(u, S\setminus T)$$$. To avoid double counting, you should use some kind of ordering when choosing the subset $$$T$$$. For example: always include the node with maximum id in $$$T$$$.
This is the hardest one to get rid of over-counting.
Consider each node $$$v \in S$$$ adjacent to $$$u$$$. You have two options after adding the edge $$$(u, v)$$$:
After this you'll need to divide the answer by $$$2$$$.
Why? There are no over-counting in choice 1. But in choice 2, you may count cycles like $$$uvwu$$$ and $$$uwvu$$$ twice.
Additionally, $$$H$$$ may count $$$uvu$$$ as a cycle and proceed to build another cactus on $$$u$$$ with remaining nodes. But that breaks the condition of $$$G$$$ that $$$u$$$ creates only one subtree. However, note that the sum of the counts where $$$uvu$$$ cycle is considered is same as the sum of counts of choice 1. So dividing the answer by $$$2$$$ will fix both over-counting problems.
For each node $$$w$$$ adjacent to $$$u$$$, consider all $$$T\subseteq S$$$ with $$$w \in T$$$ and create a cactus on $$$u$$$ with nodes in $$$S\setminus T$$$ via $$$f(u, S\setminus T)$$$ and continue building the cycle with rest of the nodes via $$$h(w, v, T\setminus w)$$$. However if $$$w = v$$$, then you should complete the cycle and continue building another cactus on $$$u$$$ via $$$f(u, S)$$$.
Can anyone give me 8th test of the problem D, I can't find my bug :(
You may write stress-test, it is not very hard in this problem.
I wrote stress-test and found my mistake after my comment :) Thanks anyway!
Editorial cannot open. Is it banned? 300iq