Hi! I found python to be very easy to learn but I was not able to use it for cp before because of things like io speed which I did not know how to optimize earlier these are some things I learnt which made it much easier for me to use python for cp

Fast Input:

import sys
inp = [a.strip() for a in sys.stdin.readlines()]  #inp is an array of input lines.

Reading an array

arr = [int(x) for x in inp[i].split()]  # use float(x) if dealing with decimal values

Making 2d matrix ( or any n dim matrix ) of 0s

mat = [[0 for i in range(n)] for j in range(n)]

Printing without the \n:

print("output",end="")

Sorting using key (see example below)

arr = [[3,4],[1,2],[5,3],[-1,4]]
def fkey(a):
    return a[0]*a[1]
arr.sort(key=fkey)

Reversing array/string

arr=arr[::-1]

Note 1: if arr is a list,

brr=arr
brr[0]*=2 # this also modifies arr and both lists are an array of pointers to the same thing

To make a copy of an array use this code brr=list(arr) Copy of string is also similar brr=string(arr)

Note 2:

a="ilu python"
a[0]='a' # this line gives the following error:
#'str' object does not support item assignment

# so if you have to modify the string, convert it into a list first
( list(a) )

Note 3: division in python normally returns a float, so to get integer division similar to cpp use '//' (a//b) operator or int(a/b)

Cpp data structures and their python equivalents:

- vector : list
- Map : dict
- set : set
- string : str
- stack/queue: #(Implemented using list) https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/using-list-stack-queues-python/
- list : -

Useful Libraries

1. Counter (to import: `from collections import Counter` ) # to count number of occurances of each element in a list
2. itertools (import itertools) (https://docs.python.org/2/library/itertools.html#module-itertools)
3. math

Thanks!