The Hidden Risk in C++ Maps

Правка en8, от Nocturnality, 2024-08-27 22:38:07

Inspiration

When I first started with C++, I made a common mistake: I used mp[x] > 0 to check if a key existed in a map. I didn’t realize that this method actually adds new entries to the map if the key isn’t already there. This caused confusing bugs and unexpected results in my code. From this experience, I learned how important it is to use the right methods to check for key existence. In this blog, I’ll explain why this happens and show you better ways to check if a key is in the map without changing it.

Understanding map and unordered_map

In C++, map and unordered_map are containers that store key-value pairs. The main difference is that map keeps the keys in a specific order (usually ascending), while unordered_map stores keys in no particular order, using a hash function.

The Common Mistake

Wrong Approach

While it seems like a good idea, it actually causes a problem. When you use mp[x], the map tries to find the value for x. If x isn’t in the map, it insert x in the map as key with a default value (like 0 for integers). So, checking mp[x] > 0 actually adds a new entry to the map, increasing its size.

Right Approach

Approach 1
Approach 2

Demonstrating the Impact

All in one

As shown, using mp[2] > 0 increases the map’s size, while find() and count() do not.

Conclusion

Use mp.find(x) != mp.end() or mp.count(x) == 1. These methods are safer and won’t change the map’s size. They also make debugging easier by avoiding unexpected changes to the map, helping you understand and fix issues more easily.

Happy coding!

История

 
 
 
 
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en10 Английский Nocturnality 2024-08-27 23:55:06 4
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en8 Английский Nocturnality 2024-08-27 22:38:07 18 Tiny change: 'e: I used _mp[x] > 0_ to check ' -> 'e: I used `mp[x] > 0` to check '
en7 Английский Nocturnality 2024-08-27 21:40:48 145
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en4 Английский Nocturnality 2024-08-27 21:32:43 509 (published)
en3 Английский Nocturnality 2024-08-27 21:10:19 1774 Tiny change: 'problem.\n\n#### What Happens Internally\nWhen you' -> 'problem.\nWhen you'
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